Mongolia is a destination for those seeking expansive open spaces and a culture deeply connected to the land. The country maintains a strong nomadic culture centered on horseback travel and offers clear big skies over the vast steppes both day and night. Star gazing and celestial observation were historically vital to the nomads’ livelihood, particularly for the well-being of their livestock. Navigation, determining time and date, and most importantly, weather predictions resulted from generations of observation and deep knowledge of the skies. As the world's least densely populated country, Mongolia has minimal light pollution, creating an exceptional setting for stargazing.
When to Go
The ideal time to visit Mongolia depends entirely on your preferred activities and your schedule. In any season, staying comfortable and enjoying the outdoors is possible with proper attire and adequate layering.
From June through early September, the summer is mild due to the low humidity. This season features the Naadam Festival, alongside excellent conditions for outdoor activities.
If you prefer thinner crowds, September is a strong choice. The scenery shifts to autumn colors, and the temperatures remain manageable for travel.
For travelers prepared for cold temperatures, the period from October to March offers a unique experience: the chance to witness the day-to-day life and famed hospitality of nomadic families thriving in the winter climate. This season also hosts activities specific to winter, such as the Golden Eagle Festival, the Ice Festival, and the Ten Thousand Camel Festival. Given the minimal light pollution year-round, stargazing in the clear night skies is a consistent highlight.
Where to Stay
Accommodation options vary across Mongolia, reflecting the diversity of its geography and distance from infrastructure.
In the capital, Ulaanbaatar, you will find a full range of modern hotels, from luxury to mid-range and budget options. These include familiar international chain names and also local stylish boutique hotels. The city serves as a base for exploring museums, monasteries, and local restaurants before traveling outward. Therefore, staying close to the main attractions is advisable. Most popular mid-range hotels are near the city center, allowing easy walking access to major attractions.
The unique experience lies in the countryside, where options include staying in a traditional ger camp, camping, or arranging a homestay with a host family. Ger camps are typically located en route or at popular destinations. While they offer attentive service, comfortable bedding, and local meals, their primary function is to provide a base for tourists in remote locations, blending comfort with a direct cultural experience.
Top Regions to Visit in Mongolia
Mongolia’s regions each hold a unique story—from the desert sands to crystal lakes and historic plains.
1. The Gobi Desert
Gobi is a vast, semi-arid landscape known for its geological and paleontological significance, not being a typical sand desert. Key sites include the Flaming Cliffs (Bayanzag), famous for dinosaur fossil discoveries, and the towering Khongoryn Els (Singing Dunes). Activities center on camel riding, exploring unique deep gorges like Yol Valley, and engaging with local nomadic herders.
2. Lake Khuvsgul (Northern Mongolia)
Often called the "Blue Pearl," this is a massive, clear alpine lake surrounded by mountains and pine forests, making it a prime spot for nature photography and outdoor activities. It is the gateway to the Taiga, offering access to the Tsaatan (Reindeer People), one of the world's last nomadic reindeer-herding tribes. Summer activities include hiking and kayaking, while winter features an annual Ice Festival on the frozen lake.
3. Arkhangai Province (Central Mongolia)
This green, mountainous region is considered Mongolia's equestrian heartland, offering an immersive experience into the authentic nomadic lifestyle centered on horseback riding and sharing local dairy products. The province features diverse landscapes, including the volcanic Khorgo-Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur National Park and the historic site of Karakorum, the former capital of the Mongol Empire. Travelers can also unwind at the pristine Tsenkher Hot Springs.
4. Bayan-Olgii (Western Mongolia)
Located in the high Mongol Altai Mountains, this province is Mongolia's most rugged region and is characterized by its distinct Kazakh ethnic heritage. It is famous for the ancient tradition of hunting with golden eagles, showcased annually at the Golden Eagle Festival. Altai Tavan Bogd National Park offers challenging trekking, mountain climbing (including Khuiten Peak), and views of permanent glaciers.
5. Khentii Province (Birthplace of Genghis Khan)
This eastern province is historically significant as the birthplace of Chinggis Khan, featuring diverse landscapes from dense forests to rolling steppes. Key sites include the sacred Burkhan Khaldun Mountain and the ruins of the Baldan Bereeven Monastery. Khentii offers a remote wilderness experience with fewer tourists, ideal for hiking, horse trekking, and fishing along the Onon and Kherlen rivers.
What to Do
Mongolia’s appeal lies in its balance of culture, nature, and adventure. Here are key activities:
First-hand Experience in Nomadic Life: Experience a homestay with herder families and participate in daily tasks, including the full spectrum of dairy processing—from milking to making yogurt, cheese, and spirits. Nomadic traditions emphasize efficiency, ensuring nothing is wasted in food, clothing, and living arrangements. All guests are welcomed with the renowned hospitality, which is often enhanced for those traveling to more remote areas.
Outdoor Adventures & Trekking: Engage in activities suited to the landscape, such as riding a horse across the steppes, hiking mountain trails, or traversing the desert on foot or by vehicle. For example, ride a two-humped Bactrian camel across the Gobi Desert's dunes.
Cultural & Festival Experiences: Attend traditional festivals, including the summer Naadam Festival (horse racing, archery, and wrestling), the Golden Eagle Festival in western Mongolia, the Ice Festival in the north, and the Camel Festival in the Gobi. These events showcase the diverse and unique aspects of Mongolian culture and living tradition.
Wild Nature & Photography: Mongolia offers vast, untouched landscapes, from alpine lakes and glacier rivers in the north to sand dunes and fossil-rich cliffs in the south. The scenery provides dramatic visual subjects for photography, characterized by expansive wilderness with minimal human presence.
Travel Tips
Bring layers; temperatures can swing significantly between days and nights, requiring adaptable clothing.
Carry small gifts, especially sweet treats for children; it is much appreciated to offer candies or goodies when visiting families in rural areas.
Always accept offered tea, this act of acceptance is a fundamental part of nomadic tradition and hospitality.
Book accommodations and tours early for July and August, as these months coincide with the peak Naadam Festival and summer travel season.
Final Thoughts
Mongolia offers a distinct travel experience that contrasts deeply with urban life. The country's vast scale, the hospitality of its nomadic people, and the stillness of the wilderness leave a lasting impression. This is a destination defined by its undisturbed, pristine nature and a powerful sense of timelessness.